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The Problem With the Pivot
Obama¡Çs New Asia Policy Is Unnecessary and Counterproductive
Robert S. Ross
Nov.6

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Ever since the Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping opened up his country¡Çs economy in the late 1970s, China has managed to grow in power, wealth, and military might while still maintaining cooperative and friendly relations with most of the world. Until a few years ago, that is, when Beijing seemed to change tack, behaving in a way that alienated its neighbors and aroused suspicion abroad. In December 2009, for example, Beijing¡Çs resistance to compromise at the UN Climate Change Conference angered European countries and the United States. Then, following the January 2010 sale of U.S. arms to Taiwan, the Chinese government suspended a senior U.S.-Chinese security dialogue for the first time and announced unprecedented sanctions against U.S. companies with ties to Taiwan (although it is not clear that the sanctions caused meaningful damage). 

Ãæ¹ñ¤Î»ØƳ¼Ôûý¾®Ê¿¤Ï1970ǯÂåËö¤ËÈà¤Î¹ñ²È¤ò²òÊü¤·¤Æ°ÊÍ褺¤Ã¤ÈÃæ¹ñ¤ÏÀ¤³¦¤Î¿¤¯¤È¶¨ÎÏŪ¤Çͧ¹¥Åª¤Ê´Ø·¸¤òº£¤â¤Ê¤ª°Ý»ý¤¹¤ë°ìÊý¤Ç¡¢¸¢ÎÏ¡¢ÉÙ¡¢·³»öÎϤ˱÷¤±¤ëÀ®Ä¹¤ò²Ì¤¿¤·¤Æ¤­¤¿¡£¿ôǯÁ°¤Î¡¢Ãæ¹ñ¤¬¿ÊÏ©¤òÊѤ¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤¿»þ¤Þ¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤Î¹ñ¤Ï¶áÎÙ½ô¹ñ¤òÁ±ó¤Ë¤·¡¢³°¹ñ¤«¤é¤Îµ¿Ç°¤ò´­µ¯¤¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¤ä¤êÊý¤Ç¿¶¤ëÉñ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£2009ǯ12·î¤Ë¡¢Î㤨¤Ð¡¢¹ñÏ¢¤Îµ¤¾ÝÊÑÆ°²ñµÄ¤Ç¤ÎÃæ¹ñ¤Î¾ùÊâ¤ò¤·¤Ê¤¤Äñ¹³¤Ï¥è¡¼¥í¥Ã¥Ñ½ô¹ñ¤ä¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¹ç½°¹ñ¤òÅܤ餻¤¿¡£¤½¤ì¤«¤é¡¢2011ǯ1·î¤Î¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎÂæÏѤؤÎÉð´ï¤ÎÈÎÇä¤Ë³¤¤¤Æ¡¢Ãæ¹ñÀ¯ÉܤϽé¤á¤Æ¹â´±¤Ë¤è¤ëÊÆÃæÂÐÏäòÃæÃǤ·¡¢ÂæÏѤȴط¸¤¬¤¢¤ë¥¢¥á¥ê¥«´ë¶È¤ËÂФ·¤ÆÀèÎã¤Î¤Ê¤¤À©ºÛ¤òȯɽ¤·¤¿¡£¡Ê¤½¤ÎÀ©ºÛ¤¬½ÅÍפÊ»³²¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤¹¤«¤É¤¦¤«¤Ï¤Ã¤­¤ê¤·¤Ê¤¤¤±¤ì¤É¤â¡£¡Ë

In July of that year, Beijing angrily protested plans for U.S.–South Korean naval exercises in the Yellow Sea, and in September, it excoriated Japan for detaining the captain of a Chinese fishing boat that had rammed a Japanese coast guard ship in disputed waters. To cap on this series of unsettling episodes, Beijing voiced excessive hostility toward democratic countries and imposed economic sanctions on Norway after the Nobel Prize committee awarded the Chinese democracy activist Liu Xiaobo the Peace Prize

¤½¤Îǯ¤Î6·î¤ËË̵þ¤Ï²«³¤¤ÎÊÆ´Ú³¤·³·³»ö±é½¬¤Î·×²è¤ËÅܤäƹ³µÄ¤·¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ9·î¤ËË̵þ¤ÏʶÁèÃæ¤Î³¤°è¤ÇÆüËܤαè´ß·ÙÈ÷Äú¤Ë·ã¤·¤¯¤Ö¤Ä¤±¤¿Ãæ¹ñµùÁ¥¤ÎÁ¥Ä¹¤ò¸ûα¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤ÇÆüËܤòÈóÆñ¤·¤¿¡£¤³¤Î°ìÏ¢¤Î̤²ò·è¤Î½ÐÍè»ö¤ÎÁí»Å¾å¤²¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢Ë̵þ¤Ï¥Î¡¼¥Ù¥ë¾Þ¤Î°Ñ°÷²ñ¤¬Ãæ¹ñ¤Î̱¼ç³èÆ°²Èέ¶ÇÇȤËʿϾޤòÍ¿¤¨¤¿¸å¡¢Ì±¼ç¼çµÁ½ô¹ñ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ²á¾ê¤ÊŨ°Õ¤òɽÌÀ¤·¡¢¥Î¥ë¥¦¥§¡¼¤Ë·ÐºÑÀ©ºÛ¤ò²Ý¤·¤¿¡£

in October. In a few short months, China had managed to undo much of what it had gained through years of talk about its ¡Èpeaceful rise.¡É At the time, many analysts interpreted China¡Çs new belligerence as a sign of the country¡Çs growing confidence. Writing in The Washington Post, John Pomfret noted that Beijing was evincing ¡Èa new triumphalist attitude.¡É China was on the rise, the thinking went, and its newfound power had convinced its leaders that they could shape events in Asia as never before. 

10·î¤Ë¡¢¤Û¤ó¤Î¿ô¥ö·î¤Ç¡¢Ãæ¹ñ¤Ï¡ÖÊ¿ÏÂŪ¤ÊÂæƬ¡×¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î²¿Ç¯¤â¤ÎÏ䷹礤¤ÇÆÀ¤Æ¤­¤¿Â¿¤¯¤Î¤â¤Î¤ò¼è¤ê¾Ã¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¡£¤½¤Î»þÅÀ¤Ç¿¤¯¤Î¥¢¥Ê¥ê¥¹¥È¤ÏÃæ¹ñ¤Î¿·¤¿¤Ê¹¥ÀïÀ­¤¬¤³¤Î¹ñ¤ÎÀ®Ä¹¤¹¤ë¼«¿®¤ÎÃû¸õ¤È¤·¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤·¤¿¡£¥ï¥·¥ó¥È¥ó¥Ý¥¹¥È¤Îµ­»ö¤Ç¡¢John Pomfret¤ÏË̵þ¤¬¡Ö¿·¤¿¤Ê¾¡¤Á¸Ø¤Ã¤¿ÂÖÅ١פòÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë¤·¤¿¤È½ñ¤¤¤¿¡£Ãæ¹ñ¤¬ÂæƬ¤·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤¦¤·¤¿¹Í¤¨¤¬Á°¤Ë¿Ê¤ó¤Ç¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¤«¤Ã¤Æº£¤Þ¤Ç¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤ËÈà¤é¤¬¥¢¥¸¥¢¤Ë±÷¤¤¤Æ½ÐÍè»ö¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¤½¤Î¿·¤¿¤Ë²êÀ¸¤¨¤¿¸¢ÎϤ¬¤½¤Î»ØƳ¼Ôã¤Ë³Î¿®¤µ¤»¤¿¡£

And so in 2010, the Obama administration initiated what it called a ¡Èpivot¡É to Asia, a shift in strategy aimed at bolstering the United States¡Ç defense ties with countries throughout the region and expanding the U.S. naval presence there. The diplomatic element of the strategy was on display in 2011, when Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta reassured U.S. allies, many of which harbor concerns about China¡Çs rise, that ¡Èthe United States is going to remain a presence in the Pacific for a long time,¡É and the following year, when he promised that the U.S. military would bring ¡Èenhanced capabilities to this vital region.¡É Worried that a newly assertive China was becoming a destabilizing force, the White House moved to counter any perceptions of its own weakness by strengthening the U.S. presence in the region.

¤½¤·¤Æ2010ǯ¤Ë¤½¤¦¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤¬¡¢¥ª¥Ð¥ÞÀ¯¸¢¤Ï¥¢¥¸¥¢¤Ë¡Ö¼´Â­¡×¤È¸Æ¤ó¤À¤â¤Î¤ò³«»Ï¤·¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï¤½¤ÎÃÏ°è¤òÄ̤¸¤Æ½ô¹ñ¤È¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¹ç½°¹ñ¤È¤ÎËɱҴط¸¤òÁý¶¯¤·¡¢¤½¤³¤Ç¤Î¥¢¥á¥ê¥«³¤·³¤Î¸ºß¤ò³ÈÂ礹¤ë¤³¤È¤òÌÜŪ¤È¤¹¤ëÀïά¤Ë±÷¤±¤ëÆ°¤­¤À¡£¤³¤ÎÀïά¤Î³°¸ò¤ÎÍ×ÁǤÏ2011ǯ¤Ë¼¨¤µ¤ì¤¿¤¬¡¢¤½¤Î»þ¤Ï¹ñËÉĹ´±Leon Panetta¤¬¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤ÎƱÌÁ¹ñ¤Ë¡¢¤½¤³¤Î¹Á¤Î¿¤¯¤ÏÃæ¹ñ¤ÎÁýÂç¤ò·üÇ°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤¬¡¢¡Ö¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¹ç½°¹ñ¤¬Ä¹¤¤´ÖÂÀÊ¿ÍΤ˸ºß¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡×¤³¤È¤òºÆ¤ÓÊݾڤ·¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¤½¤Î¼¡¤Îǯ¤Ë¡¢¥¢¥á¥ê¥«·³¤¬¡Ö¤³¤Î¶Ë¤á¤Æ½ÅÂç¤ÊÃÏ°è¤ËÁý¶¯¤·¤¿·³»öÎϡפò¤â¤¿¤é¤¹¤ÈÈबÌó«¤ò¤·¤¿¡£¿·¤¿¤Ë¼«¿®¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿Ãæ¹ñ¤¬ÉÔ°ÂÄê¤Ë¤¹¤ëÎϤˤʤäƤ¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¿´ÇÛ¤·¤Æ¡¢¥Û¥ï¥¤¥È¥Ï¥¦¥¹¤Ï¤³¤ÎÃÏ°è¤ÎÃæ¤Î¥¢¥á¥ê¥«¤Î¸ºß¤ò¶¯²½¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¤½¤ì¼«¿È¤Î¼åÅÀ¤ÎÇ¡²¿¤Ê¤ëǧ¼±¤ËÈ¿·â¤¹¤ë°Ù¤ËÆ°¤¤¤¿¡£

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