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Mr Xi¡Çs speech is larded with reformist phraseology. He quoted Deng Xiaoping¡Çs warning in 1992 of a ¡Èdead end¡É if the country failed to reform and improve living standards. (He made no mention of Mao Zedong, despite having shown a proclivity for Maoist rhetoric in many of his other recent speeches.) Mr Xi was blunt about the challenges China faces: a mode of development that is ¡Èunbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable¡É (though he is by no means the first Chinese leader to have said that); an increase in ¡Èsocial contradictions¡É; and a ¡Èsevere¡É struggle to contain corruption. Public expectations of reform were ¡Èhigh¡É, he said. ¡ÈWe absolutely must not waver¡É. Mr Xi said it was impossible that all reforms proceed smoothly, without risk: ¡ÈThings that we have to do, we have to do with courage.¡É
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More details of what Mr Xi has in mind are likely to emerge in the weeks ahead. Party and government leaders will hold another meeting in December to decide an economic strategy for the coming year. A similar meeting devoted to rural issues will be held later in the month. The rhetoric is very positive. But Mr Xi will have to battle a deep resistance to change among state-owned enterprises, local governments, and even an urban middle class that likes his notion of ¡Èsocial fairness¡É but does not want to see its own privileges eroded by the granting of equal access to health care and education to migrants from the countryside. As the resolution rightly said, reforms have entered ¡Èdeep water¡É.
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Arab conspiracy theories
A Western plot to dish the Arabs
Nov 12th 2013, 18:07 by M.R. | CAIRO
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THE Middle East has seldom been more confusing. Not only is the region more politically turbulent than in decades, with old certainties everywhere challenged by unexpected twists and shifting alliances. The volume of news has swollen, too. New media and new freedoms generate more and more information and a wider range of views, yet this is filtered through ever more kaleidoscopic prisms of cant, wishful thinking, prejudice, deliberate disinformation and propaganda. If only the picture could be clearer and more simple, sigh the region's people. If only there were some overarching narrative to explain the one big, pressing question: why are we in such a mess?
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According to many in Egypt, there is. The story goes something like this. Western powers, led by America, are realising their long-held aim of dividing and weakening the Arab and Muslim worlds.
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The first phase of this plan—so the theory goes—unfolded in Iraq, where the Americans achieved a double purpose. They destroyed a powerful Arab army and ignited a civil war, driving a wedge between Sunnis and Shias that has sent fissures streaking across the region. Western meddling also broke Sudan in half, detaching a freshly hatched and hostile new state in the south from the Arab and Muslim north.
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