Some Britons see this as a reason to get out, before the doomed edifice comes tumbling down. Yet the idea that quitting would spare Britain is the greatest illusion of all. Even if Britain can leave the EU it cannot leave Europe. The lesson going back centuries is that, because Britain is affected by what happens in Europe, it needs influence there. If Germany is too powerful, Britain should work with France to counterbalance it. If France wants the EU to be less liberal, Britain should work with the Dutch and the Nordics to stop it. If the EU is prospering, Britain needs to share in the good times. If the EU is failing, it has an interest in seeing the pieces land in the right place. 

doomed：運命づけられた
edifice：殿堂・複雑な組織
land in：着地する
spare：難を逃れる

Over the years this newspaper has found much to criticise in the EU. It is an imperfect, at times maddening club. But it is far better than the alternative. We believe that leaving would be a terrible error. It would weaken Europe and it would impoverish and diminish Britain. Our vote goes to Remain. 

maddening ：腹立たしい
impoverish：衰えさせる

ブラッセルが如何に効率悪くても、イギリスの役割はそこに関与していくべきだ。今までそうしてきた。撤退はしてはいけない。エコノミストの強い意見だ。先ほど投票は締め切られたようだが、EU離脱は考えられない。あと数時間で結果がわかるだろう。それを待つまでもないと思うが。

A spending scandal in Tokyo
Another one bites the dust
A row over public funds topples Tokyo’s governor
Jun 18th 2016 | TOKYO | From the print edition

東京の支出のスキャンダル
もう一人の男が倒れた。
公的資金に対しての騒動が東京都知事を倒した。

AN ITALIAN meal costing \80,000 ($752). Mystery novels, comic books, Chinese silk shirts and a holiday for his family. Antique art. The most expensive suite at the five-star Conrad London St James hotel. These were some of the uses to which Yoichi Masuzoe put public funds when he was governor of Tokyo. 



At first Mr Masuzoe tried to apologise his way out of a scandal that gripped the city for weeks and filled the galleries of the Metropolitan Assembly, the city’s parliament, with annoyed Tokyoites. The spending was not illegal, but a looming no-confidence motion in the Diet and warnings that he could hurt the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in impending upper-house elections prompted Mr Masuzoe to resign on June 15th. The LDP may be relieved, but his resignation is yet another embarrassment for the city as it prepares to host the Olympics in 2020. 

galleries：傍聴席
annoyed：苛立った
impending：差し迫った
relieved：安心する

He is the second consecutive LDP-backed governor to quit amid a row over money. Mr Masuzoe’s predecessor, Naoki Inose, resigned after the propriety of a \50m loan he received from a medical institution was challenged. Ironically, Mr Masuzoe, a TV commentator and ex-cabinet member, entered office promising to run a clean administration and to restore the city government’s tainted reputation ahead of the Olympics. 

amid：の渦中に
propriety：妥当性
challenged：欠けている
tainted：汚された

Koichi Nakano, a political scientist at Sophia University in Tokyo, said that had Mr Masuzoe remained in office, it would have “drawn more attention to the sort of old-fashioned money politics represented by the LDP, and they could have suffered” at the ballot box. 

To the ire of many Tokyoites, Mr Masuzoe’s spendthrift ways will now trigger another city election this summer, projected to cost around \5 billion. His resignation complicates the city’s preparation for the Olympics. Three years ago the Japanese capital’s reputation for efficiency and its residents’ enthusiasm for the Games gave Tokyo’s bid an edge over rival applications from Madrid and Istanbul. 

ire：怒り
spendthrift：金遣いの荒い
complicate：複雑にする
give ~ an edge： （人）を優位に立たせる

But the Olympic plans have been plagued by cost overruns and administrative bungling. Japan’s Olympic committee has been ensnared in a bribery investigation. The design for the Olympic stadium was scuppered last year by criticism that it was too grandiose and environmentally destructive. Mr Masuzoe and the central government fought bitterly over the city’s share of the price tag. He memorably compared the central government’s bland reassurances that the preparations were going swimmingly to Japan’s Imperial Army insisting that it was winning the second world war. 

plagued：苦しむ
bungling：やりそこなう
ensnared：を困難な状況に陥れる
scuppered：を台無しにする
grandiose：壮大な
memorably：印象的に
bland reassurance：当たり障りのない安心感

Among the candidates being touted as his successor is Yuriko Koike, a female LDP legislator who previously served as defence and environment minister. Kenji Utsunomiya, a former head of Japan’s bar association, is also expected to make a bid, as will others. But the appeal of overseeing an economy larger than the Netherlands’ could quickly fade if Olympic preparations continue to go awry. 

touted：うるさく勧誘する
go awry：予定通りにいかない
overseeing：監視する

金曜日。舛添知事の失脚は東京オリンピックのドームに対するイチャモンが日本の政治家の長老の逆鱗に触れたのかもしれない。猪瀬さんもそういったところがあったのかもしれない。それで、彼が徹底的に調べ上げられたのかもしれない。陰謀論かもしれないが、そうした見方もありそうだ。政治の世界は魑魅魍魎だ。ビジネスも一緒だが。イギリスのReferendumが先ほど締め切られたが、今日中に結果が出るだろう。まさか、EU脱退ということはないと思う。

昨日はサッシメーカーの高橋社長と会食。本日は瀧北さんの紹介で昼は異業種交流会に出席。老子、荘子を時間のある限り読んでいるが、今日は来週の研修テーマであるドイツをれびゅーしなければならない。ではまた明日。

The pandering has been still more shameless over immigration. Leave has warned that millions of Turks are about to invade Britain, which is blatantly false. It has blamed strains on public services like health care and education on immigration, when immigrants, who are net contributors to the exchequer, help Britain foot the bill. It suggests that Britain cannot keep out murderers, rapists and terrorists when, in fact, it can. 

pandering：迎合する
shameless：破廉恥な
blatantly：まぎれもなく
strain：問題・きしみ
exchequer：大蔵省・国庫
foot the bill：勘定を払う

Britons like to think of themselves as bracingly free-market. They are quick to blame their woes on red tape from Brussels. In reality, though, they are as addicted to regulation as anyone else. Many of the biggest obstacles to growth—too few new houses, poor infrastructure and a skills gap—stem from British-made regulations. In six years of government, the Tories have failed to dismantle them. Leaving the EU would not make it any easier. 

bracingly：覚悟して・気分を引き締めた
woes：困難
addicted：中毒になる・病みつきになる
dismantle：を廃止する
ブラッセルも規制でがんじがらめだがイギリスもそうだと言っている。

How to make friends and irritate people 
All this should lead to victory for Remain. Indeed, economists, businesspeople and statesmen from around the world have queued up to warn Britain that leaving would be a mistake (though Mr Trump is a fan). Yet in the post-truth politics that is rocking Western democracies, illusions are more alluring than authority. 

alluring：魅力的な
authority：権利
in the post-truth politics：真実を失った政治において
rocking：揺り動かす

Thus the Leave campaign scorns the almost universally gloomy economic forecasts of Britain’s prospects outside the EU as the work of “experts” (as if knowledge was a hindrance to understanding). And it dismisses the Remain camp for representing the elite (as if Boris Johnson, its figurehead and an Oxford-educated old Etonian, personified the common man). 

thus：それゆえに
scorn：軽蔑する
universally：例外なく
hindrance：邪魔になるもの
dismiss：否定する
figurehead：名目上の長
Etonian：イートン校の卒業生
personified：の典型となる
common man：大衆

The most corrosive of these illusions is that the EU is run by unaccountable bureaucrats who trample on Britain’s sovereignty as they plot a superstate. As our essay explains, the EU is too often seen through the prism of a short period of intense integration in the 1980s—which laid down plans for, among other things, the single market and the euro. In reality, Brussels is dominated by governments who guard their power jealously. Making them more accountable is an argument about democracy, not sovereignty. The answer is not to storm out but to stay and work to create the Europe that Britain wants. 

corrosive：徐々に侵食する
trample：踏みにじる
superstate：超国家〘政治的に緊密に結びついた複数の独立国から成る国際政治機構〙
intense：極度の
fuard：監視する
jealously：嫉妬深く
sovereignty：主権・統治権
storm out ：飛び出す

Some Britons despair of their country’s ability to affect what happens in Brussels. Yet Britain has played a decisive role in Europe—ask the French, who spent the 1960s keeping it out of the club. Competition policy, the single market and enlargement to the east were all championed by Britain, and are profoundly in its interests. So long as Britain does not run away and hide, it has every reason to think that it will continue to have a powerful influence, even over the vexed subject of immigration. 

despair：失望する
enlargement：拡大
championed：のために戦う
profoundly：心から
vexed：厄介な

True, David Cameron, the prime minister, failed to win deep reform of Britain’s relations with the EU before the referendum. But he put himself in a weak position by asking for help at the last minute, when governments were at loggerheads over the single currency and refugees. 

at loggerheads：と対立して

木曜日。今日はこれまで。トルコ人を中心とした移民の問題とかブラッセルの非効率な体制とかあるにしても、撤退組の言っていることは幻想だ。世界はイギリスがEUに残留することを望んでいる。ブラッセルはイギルスの主権を侵害しようとしているのではない。また、過去にイギリスが行ってきた役割は大きい。規制に関してはイギリス国内の改革の方が問題は大きい。今日はイギリスの国民投票の日だ。早して結果はどうなるのだろうか。エコノミストの意見にイギルスの国民は賛同するのだろうか。

昨日の昼は娘と会食した。夜は海野塾だった。相変わらず、終了したのが１１時で、自宅に戻ったのは１２時だった。楽しい１日だった。今日の昼はサッシメーカーの高橋社長との会食がある。ドイツの資料のチェックと荘子を読む。ではまた明日。

Britain’s EU referendum
Divided we fall
A vote to leave the European Union would diminish both Britain and Europe
Jun 18th 2016 | From the print edition 

United we stand, divided we fall.」の意味 《団結すれば立ち、分裂すれば倒れる》
diminish：威信を低める

イギリスのEU国民投票
分裂すれば倒れる
EUを離れる投票はイギリスとヨーロッパの双方の威信を低めてしまうだろう。

THE peevishness of the campaigning has obscured the importance of what is at stake. A vote to quit the European Union on June 23rd, which polls say is a growing possibility, would do grave and lasting harm to the politics and economy of Britain. The loss of one of the EU’s biggest members would gouge a deep wound in the rest of Europe. And, with the likes of Donald Trump and Marine Le Pen fuelling economic nationalism and xenophobia, it would mark a defeat for the liberal order that has underpinned the West’s prosperity. 

peevishness：短気
campaigning：運動に参加すること
obscured：を覆い隠す
at stake：危うくなって・問題となって
do grave and lasting harm ：重大なかつ永続した被害をもたらす
gouge：をえぐり出す
likes of：のような人
liberal order：自由主義の秩序
underpin：を支える




That, clearly, is not the argument of the voices calling to leave. As with Eurosceptics across the EU, their story is about liberation and history. Quitting the sclerotic, undemocratic EU, the Brexiteers say, would set Britain free to reclaim its sovereign destiny as an outward-looking power. Many of these people claim the mantle of liberalism—the creed that this newspaper has long championed. They sign up to the argument that free trade leads to prosperity. They make the right noises about small government and red tape. They say that their rejection of unlimited EU migration stems not from xenophobia so much as a desire to pick people with the most to offer. 

As with：と同様に
liberation：解放運動
sclerotic：動脈硬化的な
reclaim：を取り戻す
sovereign destiny：主権を有する運命
mantle：責任・役割
liberalism：自由主義
creed：信条・綱領
championed：擁護する
stem from：から生じる
not~so much as：ほど〜ではない
not from xenophobia so much as a desire to pick people with the most to offer：最も提供を受けたい人材選びたいという願望を持つほど外国人嫌いではない

The liberal Leavers are peddling an illusion. On contact with the reality of Brexit, their plans will fall apart. If Britain leaves the EU, it is likely to end up poorer, less open and less innovative. Far from reclaiming its global outlook, it will become less influential and more parochial. And without Britain, all of Europe would be worse off. 

peddling：言いふらす
On contact with：に触れて・を介して
fall apart：決裂する・バラバラに成る
parochial：偏狭な
worse off：暮らし向きがより悪い

Start with the economy. Even those voting Leave accept that there will be short-term damage (see article). More important, Britain is unlikely to thrive in the longer run either. Almost half of its exports go to Europe. Access to the single market is vital for the City and to attract foreign direct investment. Yet to maintain that access, Britain will have to observe EU regulations, contribute to the budget and accept the free movement of people—the very things that Leave says it must avoid. To pretend otherwise is to mislead. 

vital：に極めて重要な
pretend otherwise：そうでないと偽る

Those who advocate leaving make much of the chance to trade more easily with the rest of the world. That, too, is uncertain. Europe has dozens of trade pacts that Britain would need to replace. It would be a smaller, weaker negotiating partner. The timetable would not be under its control, and the slow, grinding history of trade liberalisation shows that mercantilists tend to have the upper hand. 

grinding ：過酷な
mercantilist：重商主義者・営利主義者
upper hand　：優勢

Nor is unshackling Britain from the EU likely to release a spate of liberal reforms at home. As the campaign has run its course, the Brexit side has stoked voters’ prejudices and pandered to a Little England mentality (see article). Despite Leave’s free-market rhetoric, when a loss-making steelworks at Port Talbot in Wales was in danger of closing, Brexiteers clamoured for state aid and tariff protection that even the supposedly protectionist EU would never allow. 

unshackling：の枷を外す・を自由にする
a spate of：一連の
stoked ：煽る
prejudice：偏見・先入観
pandered：迎合する
clamoured：要求する

水曜日。今日はこれまで。イギリスのEU脱退に対してエコノミストは問題だと言っている。ここに書いてある通り、なぜイギリスがEUを脱退する可能性が高くなったこと自体理解できない。トランプもそうだが、国民の不満がそこまで来てしまったということの方が正しいのかもしれない。国民が以前より生活が苦しくなってきたということかもしれない。

昨日は研修企業セルムの加島さんと会食をした。あとは今日の研修の資料の整理と荘子を読んだ。今日も同様だ。午前中は資料の整理、研修資料のビデオのチェック、２時間、荘子、そのあとは今日の研修準備。ではまた明日。

The principle of judicial independence means that presidents and presidential candidates respect the rule of law and the judgments of judges. It means, for example, that Barack Obama and his team of lawyers defend the legality of his immigration orders protecting 5m people from deportation on the merits rather than by engaging in a name-calling campaign to discredit and delegitimise the federal judge in Brownsville, Texas who unilaterally stopped the programme before it could be implemented. But Mr Trump’s furious tirade against Judge Gonzalo Curiel defies all norms of presidential decorum and decency, and the sentiment fuelling it threatens to undermine the delicate balance of power between the executive and judicial branches.

defend：擁護する
 legality：合法性
name-calling campaign：中傷運動
discredit：正しくないものとする
on the merits：本案
unilaterally：一方的に
defies：公然と反抗する・無視する
norm：規範
decorum：礼儀・礼儀正しい行動
decency：良識
sentiment：感情
executive：行政府

Mr Trump railed against Mr Curiel at a rally last week at the convention centre in San Diego, a 15-minute walk from the courtroom where the judge sits. “I have a judge who is a hater of Donald Trump, a hater. He’s a hater. His name is Gonzalo Curiel.” Buoyed by the booing crowd, Mr Trump continued: “He is not doing the right thing. And I figure, what the hell? Why not talk about it for two minutes?” The two minutes slid into 12: “We’re in front of a very hostile judge” who “was appointed by Barack Obama”, Mr Trump complained. “Frankly, he should recuse himself because he’s given us ruling after ruling after ruling, negative, negative, negative.” And then Mr Trump casually tossed out a note about Mr Curiel’s identity: “What happens is the judge, who happens to be, we believe, Mexican, which is great. I think that’s fine”. Generously granting that it’s “great” and “fine” for Mr Curiel to have Mexican roots, but implying precisely the opposite, Mr Trump neglected to note that the federal judge is in fact an American citizen who was born in Indiana in 1953. But the dog-whistle was audible to everybody: the judge’s Hispanic heritage, Mr Trump charged, disqualifies him to oversee his case.

railed against：厳しく批難する
rally：集会
Buoyed：を励ます
I figure：I think
slid into：次第に〜となる 
recuse：自らを不適格とみなす
casually　：何気なく
tossed out：投げかける
root：ルーツ
dog-whistle：dog-whistle politics 犬笛的修辞法◆一般大衆には気付かれないように、賛同を得たい特定の集団にしか理解できない表現を用いる政治家のレトリック。特定宗派の信者しか知らない聖書の一節を引用するなどが代表例。
audible：聞き取れる
charged：告発する

The precipitating cause of Mr Trump’s outburst was Mr Curiel’s agreement to unseal around 1,000 pages of internal documents, many of which paint a damaging portrait of the tactics used by Trump University employees trying to drum up business. A sales handbook describes in painstaking detail the “roller coaster of emotions” potential students will experience when deciding whether to pay thousands of dollars for Mr Trump’s investment insights. The key is “managing the emotions of the client” and mastering “the psychology of the sale”, the handbook instructs. It starts with trust-building and ends with queries about the credit limits on the prospective student’s credit cards.

precipitating：よくない結果を招く
outburst：激怒
drum up business：売り込む
painstaking：細心の注意を払った
roller coaster of emotion：感情の激しい起伏
insight：本質
queries：質問

Rather than express regret over evidence that Trump University workers were under orders to exploit potential clients by encouraging them to take on debt in order to afford the Trump Gold Elite package costing $35,000, Mr Trump reacted by projecting shame on Mr Curiel: “I think Judge Curiel should be ashamed of himself,” he said. “I’m telling you, this court system...ought to look into Judge Curiel. Because what Judge Curiel is doing is a total disgrace, Okay? But we’ll come back in November. Wouldn’t that be wild if I’m president and I come back to do a civil case?”

shame：遺憾
regret：遺憾・残念
disgrace：恥ずべきこと・面汚し
civil case：民事訴訟

Wild indeed. If Mr Trump wins the White House, he will have a bully pulpit at his disposal from which he could unravel basic principles of American democracy.

bully pulpit： 〔大衆を説得できる〕傑出した公的地位［公権力］◆【語源】ルーズベルト大統領がアメリカ大統領職を指してこう呼んだことから。高い公的権力があれば自分の政治的な考えを大衆に容易に伝えられることを意味する。bullyは「優れている」という意味の形容詞。
unravel：崩壊し始める

火曜日。今日はこれまで。確かにトランプのクリエル判事への攻撃は度を越している。なぜこんな言い方をするのか理解できない。やはり彼は大統領にふさわしくないようだ。

Who fights, and who pays for UN peacekeeping missions
Jun 1st 2016, 17:56 BY THE DATA TEAM

誰が戦い、そして国連平和維持活動のために誰が払うのか。

THE UN’s first peacekeeping mission, which started in 1948, was to keep a truce after the creation of Israel. Seven decades later, that mission continues, and the total number of peacekeeping operations worldwide has grown to 16, deploying more than 100,000 military personnel. Most are in Africa; the largest, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, involves 18,900 blue helmets.

truce：停戦


The UN divvies up the cost of peacekeeping among its members using a complicated formula that includes economic heft. Later this year China will double its paymemts to more than 10% of the global total, overtaking Japan as the second largest contributor. America shells out more than a quarter, and together the top ten countries account for four-fifths. But when it comes to manpower, the pattern is very different. Since 18 American soldiers died when a helicopter was shot down in Somalia in 1993, the United States has almost stopped sending troops. It now has only 74 military personnel involved in peacekeeping, only half of them soldiers.

divvies：分配する
heft：重量
overtaking：追い越す
shell：渋々支払う

Altogether, the ten biggest budget contributors supply only 6% of peacekeepers. China is the only country to feature on both top ten lists. But it is African and Asian countries that provide the lion’s share of troops. The UN pays countries $1,330 a month per soldier, meaning that peacekeeping can be lucrative for poor nations. Tiny Rwanda contributes 6,146 military personnel and pays just $16,500 to the budget annually, about as much as it receives for supplying one soldier.

lion’s share：一番美味しい部分・大部分
lucrative：profitable

木曜日。今日はこれまで。国連平和維持活動の話だが、こういう情報を知る機会があまりないので知っておいたほうがいいというぐらいで載せている。NATOと一緒でその役割を今後どうするのかは難しい問題だ。必要ではあるのだが、どう関与していくのか問題となるだろう。近いうちに海野塾でも取り上げなければならないと思っている。

昨日は何もアポがなかったので、研修資料と荘子を読むことに集中できた。今日の昼は研修の加島さんとの会食がある。研修資料はビデオを中心に見る。荘子は今読んでいる本を終わらせる。本の内容を必要なものは書いてある途中の本のための参考資料として整理する。老子、荘子は今間の内容には書いてきていないので、どこまで入れるのかは面倒だ。量が多すぎるからだ。四書五経、老子、荘子、韓非子ぐらいにしたいが、それも、老子、荘子は適当な量に抑えたいが、書かないわけにはいかない。鯤と鵬の話とか、稀有壮大な「道」の話をする必要がある。ではまた明日。
 

富裕国を再考する 
基本的に欠陥がある 
最低限所得保障を支持する人はそれがどのように混乱をもたらすのかを過小評価している。(3)

Household income inequality: ladders to climb 
Lastly, a basic income would make it almost impossible for countries to have open borders. The right to an income would encourage rich-world governments either to shut the doors to immigrants, or to create second-class citizenries without access to state support. 

open border： 検問所のない国境
citizenries：一般市民

Basic questions
Make no mistake: modern welfare states leave plenty to be desired. Disability benefits are for many people an unsatisfactory version of a basic income, providing those who will no longer work with enough to get by. But rather than upend society with radical welfare reforms premised on a job-killing technological revolution that has not yet happened, governments should make better use of the tools they already have. 

welfare state：福祉国家
leave plenty to：十分に残す
Disability benefit：高度障害給付金
get by：なんとか生きていく
upend society：社会を一変させる
premised：前提とする

Labour-market reforms—to crack down on occupational licensing, say—would boost employment growth. More generous wage subsidies, such as an earned-income tax credit, would help people stay out of poverty. Long-overdue public investment in infrastructure would foster demand. Relaxing planning restrictions would create jobs in construction, and homes for workers in places with robust economies. 

crack down：厳しく取り締まる
occupational licensing：業務上の許可
Earned Income Tax Credit：給付付き勤労所得税額控除（ EITC）は、アメリカ合衆国において低所得の労働者の勤労意欲を高めることを目的として設計された制度。

A universal basic income might just make sense in a world of technological upheaval. But before governments begin planning for a world without work, they should strive to make today’s system function better. 

upheaval：激変

ベーシックインカムの適用を前にして、いろいろな雇用の手段とか、給付の方法をあたらめて検討する必要がある。技術がどんどん向上していき、労働の余剰が起こっても、今の社会システムがもっとよりよく機能するように努力すべきであろう。

The Don and the judge
How a Trump presidency could undermine the rule of law
Jun 1st 2016, 15:52 BY S.M. | NEW YORK

ボスと裁判官
トランプが大統領に就くと法の支配が損なわれる理由

DONALD TRUMP says outrageous things almost every day, but few of his incendiary comments and tweets refer to concrete changes a Trump administration would be likely to introduce. Many of Mr Trump’s proposals, including a ban on Muslims entering America, would falter in the hands of a less hot-headed Congress. But the Republican nominee’s attitude toward the judiciary may be more ominous. Mr Trump's new tirade against a federal judge overseeing two class-action fraud lawsuits involving the now-defunct Trump University suggests that Mr Trump is ready and willing to undercut a founding ideal of the American republic—all by himself. 

outrageous：許しがたい・法外な
incendiary：扇動的な
concrete：具体化する
falter：勢いがなくなる
ominous：不吉な
tirade：長い非難演説
overseeing：監督する
class-action fraud lawsuit：集団不正行為訴訟
defunct ：現存しない・機能停止した
undercut：弱める・傷つける
founding ideal：創始の理想
American republic：アメリカ共和国
all by himself：彼だけで・独力で




In Federalist #78, Alexander Hamilton wrote that keeping the judiciary independent of the other branches of government is “the best expedient which can be devised in any government, to secure a steady, upright, and impartial administration of the laws”. But since “the judiciary is beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of power”, it is uniquely vulnerable. “[A]ll possible care is requisite”, Hamilton admonished, “to enable it to defend itself against...attacks” from the other two branches. The judiciary “may truly be said to have neither force nor will, but merely judgment; and must ultimately depend upon the aid of the executive arm even for the efficacy of its judgments”. 

Federalist：連邦主義者
expedient：手段・急場凌ぎの方法
upright：まっすぐな・正直な
impartial：公平な
beyond comparison：比較にならない
uniquely：比類なく
requisite：必要不可欠な
admonished：強く忠告する
branch：部門
arm：権力

火曜日。トランプがトランプ大学で今集団訴訟にあっているが、彼がその担当の判事を非難していて、法の支配が揺るがされる危険性がある。建国以来、アメリカは３件独立を標榜してきているが、法は他の部門から犯されることのない法の権力を有すべきであるが、その立場が脅かされている。トランプの最大の欠点だ。この事件で、彼の立場は悪くなるに違いない。やっぱり彼は大統領候補にはなれない。

昨日は新宿で開催された吉野さんの出版記念パーティに出席し、海野塾のビラを６０枚配ってきた。２、３人は関心を持ってくれたと思う。

Such worries have revived interest in an old idea: the payment of a “universal basic income”, an unconditional government payment given to all citizens, as a supplement to or replacement for wages (see article). On June 5th Swiss citizens will decide in a referendum whether to require their government to adopt a basic income. Finland and the Netherlands are planning limited experiments in which some citizens are paid a monthly income of roughly €1,000 ($1,100). People from all points on the ideological spectrum, from trade unionists to libertarians, are supporters. It is an idea whose day may come. But not soon. 

revive interest in： 〜に再び注目を集める
universal：全員の・共通な
experiment：実験
ideological spectrum：

whose time has come： 〔周囲の状況などからして〕ちょうど〜するいい時期である、〜の時機到来である、今や〜の時代になった

The basic income is an answer to a problem that has not yet materialised. Worries that technological advance would mean the end of employment have, thus far, always proved misguided; as jobs on the farm were destroyed, work in the factory was created. Today’s angst over robots and artificial intelligence may well turn out to be another in a long line of such scares. A much-quoted study suggesting that 47% of today’s jobs could be automated in the next two decades looks too gloomy, for example (see article). Machines may one day be a match for many workers at most tasks. But that is not a reason to rush to adopt a basic income immediately. 

materialised：現実に起こる
technological advance：技術的進歩
thus far：今までのところは
misguided：間違った
farm ：農場
angst：苦悩・不安
scare：不安
much-quoted：よく引用される
gloomy：陰鬱な
be a match：競争相手になる

If the need for a basic income is unproven, the costs are certain. Its universality is designed to encourage citizens to think of the payment as a basic right. However, universality also means that the policy would be fantastically costly. An economy as rich as America’s could afford to pay citizens a basic income worth about $10,000 a year if it began collecting about as much tax as a share of GDP as Germany (35%, as opposed to the current 26%) and replaced all other welfare programmes (including Social Security, or pensions, but not including health care) with the basic-income payment. 

universality：普遍性

Such a big jump in the size of the state should make anyone wary. Even if levied efficiently, on an immovable asset like land, tax rises on this scale would have unpredictable effects on growth and wealth creation. Yet an income of $10,000 is still extremely low: it would leave many poorer people, such as those who rely on the state pension, worse off than they are now—at the same time as billionaires started getting more money from the state. 

wary：慎重な
levied：税金を課する
immovable asset：不動産
on this scale：この規模で
worse off：暮らしが悪くなる

A universal basic income would also destroy the conditionality on which modern welfare states are built. During an experiment with a basic-income-like programme in Manitoba, Canada, most people continued to work. But over time, the stigma against leaving the workforce would surely erode: large segments of society could drift into an alienated idleness. Tensions between those who continue to work and pay taxes and those opting out weaken the current system; under a basic income, they could rip the welfare state apart. 

conditionality：条件付きであること
stigma：不名誉
workforce：従業員・労働人口
erode：徐々に失われる
alienated idleness：疎外されて遊んでいること
opting out：身を引く
rip ~ apart： 〜を引き裂く
the welfare state ：社会保障制度・福祉国家

月曜日。ベーシックインカムは雇用につけない人たちの支援になるという意見もあるが、働いている人とそうでない人との緊張関係が福祉国家を引き裂いてしまうという意見だ。確かに誰にもこのベーシックインカムを適用することには問題があるだろう。誰にいくら支給するかが問題となるのかもしれない。

昨日は海野塾があった。懇親会もあった。今日は来週の水曜日の海野塾の研修資料のレビューと荘子の本を読むことにする。ではまた明日。