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グローバル人材育成の道｜海野惠一（元アクセンチュア代表）2016年05月26日
縁故資本主義目録 その集団は段階的に縮小する。 世界中で政界にコネのある大物が息詰まってきている。(2)
The economic climate has been tough on cronies, too. Commodity prices have tanked, cutting the value of mines, steel mills and oilfield concessions. Emerging-market currencies and shares have fallen. Asia’s long property boom has sputtered.
tank：急激に下落する
concession：使用権・利用権
sputtered：〔エンジンが止まりかけて〕プッスンプッスンと音を立てる
The result is that our newly updated index shows a steady shrinking of crony billionaire wealth to $1.75 trillion, a fall of 16% since 2014. In rich countries, crony wealth remains steadyish, at about 1.5% of GDP. In the emerging world it has fallen to 4% of GDP, from a peak of 7% in 2008 (see chart 1). And the mix of wealth has been shifting away from crony industries and towards cleaner sectors, such as consumer goods (see chart 2).
Despite this slowdown, it is too soon to say that the era of cronyism is over—and not just because America could elect as president a billionaire whose dealings in Atlantic City’s casinos and Manhattan’s property jungle earn him the 104th spot on our individual crony ranking.
Behind the crony index is the idea that some industries are prone to “rent seeking”. This is the term economists use when the owners of an input of production—land, labour, machines, capital—extract more profit than they would get in a competitive market. Cartels, monopolies and lobbying are common ways to extract rents. Industries that are vulnerable often involve a lot of interaction with the state, or are licensed by it: for example telecoms, natural resources, real estate, construction and defence. (For a full list of the industries we include, see article.) Rent-seeking can involve corruption, but very often it is legal.
prone to：する傾向にある
rent seeking：企業が政府官庁に働きかけて法制度や政策を変更させ、利益を得ようとする活動。自らに都合がよくなるよう、規制を設定、または解除させることで、超過利潤（レント）を得ようという活動のこと。
Our index builds on work by Ruchir Sharma of Morgan Stanley Investment Management and Aditi Gandhi and Michael Walton of Delhi’s Centre for Policy Research, among others. It uses data on billionaires’ fortunes from rankings by Forbes. We label each billionaire as a crony or not, based on the industry in which he is most active. We compare countries’ total crony wealth to their GDP. We show results for 22 economies: the five largest rich ones, the ten biggest emerging ones for which reliable data are available and a selection of other countries where cronyism is a problem (see chart 3). The index does not attempt to capture petty graft, for example bribes for expediting forms or avoiding traffic penalties, which is endemic in many countries.
petty：些細な
endemic：特有の
The rich world has lots of billionaires but fewer cronies. Only 14% of billionaire wealth is from rent-heavy industries. Wall Street continues to be controversial in America but its tycoons feature more prominently in populist politicians’ stump speeches than in the billionaire rankings. We classify deposit-taking banking as a crony industry because of its implicit state guarantee, but if we lumped in hedge-fund billionaires and other financiers, too, the share of American billionaire wealth from crony industries would rise from 14% to 28%. George Soros, by far the richest man in the hedge-fund game, is worth the same as Phil Knight, a relative unknown who sells Nike training shoes. Mr Soros’s fortune is only a third as large as the technologyderived fortune of Bill Gates.
stump speech： 〈米〉〔遊説中の政治家の〕街頭演説◆【語源】昔の政治家が切り株に乗って演説をしたことがあることから。
deposit-taking banking：預金受け入れ銀行業務
lump：一括して扱う
by far：群を抜いて
Developing economies account for 43% of global GDP but 65% of crony wealth. Of the big countries Russia still scores worst, reflecting its corruption and dependence on natural resources. Both its crony wealth and GDP have fallen in dollar terms in the past two years, reflecting the rouble’s collapse. Their ratio is not much changed since 2014. Ukraine and Malaysia continue to score badly on the index, too. In both cases cronyism has led to political instability. Try to pay a backhander to an official in Singapore and you are likely to get arrested. But the city state scores poorly because of its role as an entrepot for racier neighbours, and its property and banking clans.
backhander：賄賂
entrepot：集積地
racier：きわどい・活発な
木曜日。今日はこれまで。縁故資本主義は一番がロシアで、あとはマレーシア、意外に、シンガポールも汚職の問題がないが、そうした連中が集まってきているので、悪い評価が高くないというのは面白い。発展途上国がその比率が高い。43% of global GDP but 65% of crony wealthということだ。
昨日は海野塾とその懇親会がり、研修には６人参加し、懇親会には５人参加してもらった。１０時４０分まで話をしていた。今日は２時からアメリカの製薬会社のwangさんと会う。あとは本書きだ。ではまた明日。
tank：急激に下落する
concession：使用権・利用権
sputtered：〔エンジンが止まりかけて〕プッスンプッスンと音を立てる
The result is that our newly updated index shows a steady shrinking of crony billionaire wealth to $1.75 trillion, a fall of 16% since 2014. In rich countries, crony wealth remains steadyish, at about 1.5% of GDP. In the emerging world it has fallen to 4% of GDP, from a peak of 7% in 2008 (see chart 1). And the mix of wealth has been shifting away from crony industries and towards cleaner sectors, such as consumer goods (see chart 2).
Despite this slowdown, it is too soon to say that the era of cronyism is over—and not just because America could elect as president a billionaire whose dealings in Atlantic City’s casinos and Manhattan’s property jungle earn him the 104th spot on our individual crony ranking.
Behind the crony index is the idea that some industries are prone to “rent seeking”. This is the term economists use when the owners of an input of production—land, labour, machines, capital—extract more profit than they would get in a competitive market. Cartels, monopolies and lobbying are common ways to extract rents. Industries that are vulnerable often involve a lot of interaction with the state, or are licensed by it: for example telecoms, natural resources, real estate, construction and defence. (For a full list of the industries we include, see article.) Rent-seeking can involve corruption, but very often it is legal.
prone to：する傾向にある
rent seeking：企業が政府官庁に働きかけて法制度や政策を変更させ、利益を得ようとする活動。自らに都合がよくなるよう、規制を設定、または解除させることで、超過利潤（レント）を得ようという活動のこと。
Our index builds on work by Ruchir Sharma of Morgan Stanley Investment Management and Aditi Gandhi and Michael Walton of Delhi’s Centre for Policy Research, among others. It uses data on billionaires’ fortunes from rankings by Forbes. We label each billionaire as a crony or not, based on the industry in which he is most active. We compare countries’ total crony wealth to their GDP. We show results for 22 economies: the five largest rich ones, the ten biggest emerging ones for which reliable data are available and a selection of other countries where cronyism is a problem (see chart 3). The index does not attempt to capture petty graft, for example bribes for expediting forms or avoiding traffic penalties, which is endemic in many countries.
petty：些細な
endemic：特有の
The rich world has lots of billionaires but fewer cronies. Only 14% of billionaire wealth is from rent-heavy industries. Wall Street continues to be controversial in America but its tycoons feature more prominently in populist politicians’ stump speeches than in the billionaire rankings. We classify deposit-taking banking as a crony industry because of its implicit state guarantee, but if we lumped in hedge-fund billionaires and other financiers, too, the share of American billionaire wealth from crony industries would rise from 14% to 28%. George Soros, by far the richest man in the hedge-fund game, is worth the same as Phil Knight, a relative unknown who sells Nike training shoes. Mr Soros’s fortune is only a third as large as the technologyderived fortune of Bill Gates.
stump speech： 〈米〉〔遊説中の政治家の〕街頭演説◆【語源】昔の政治家が切り株に乗って演説をしたことがあることから。
deposit-taking banking：預金受け入れ銀行業務
lump：一括して扱う
by far：群を抜いて
Developing economies account for 43% of global GDP but 65% of crony wealth. Of the big countries Russia still scores worst, reflecting its corruption and dependence on natural resources. Both its crony wealth and GDP have fallen in dollar terms in the past two years, reflecting the rouble’s collapse. Their ratio is not much changed since 2014. Ukraine and Malaysia continue to score badly on the index, too. In both cases cronyism has led to political instability. Try to pay a backhander to an official in Singapore and you are likely to get arrested. But the city state scores poorly because of its role as an entrepot for racier neighbours, and its property and banking clans.
backhander：賄賂
entrepot：集積地
racier：きわどい・活発な
木曜日。今日はこれまで。縁故資本主義は一番がロシアで、あとはマレーシア、意外に、シンガポールも汚職の問題がないが、そうした連中が集まってきているので、悪い評価が高くないというのは面白い。発展途上国がその比率が高い。43% of global GDP but 65% of crony wealthということだ。
昨日は海野塾とその懇親会がり、研修には６人参加し、懇親会には５人参加してもらった。１０時４０分まで話をしていた。今日は２時からアメリカの製薬会社のwangさんと会う。あとは本書きだ。ではまた明日。
