2016年06月15日

言論の自由への抑圧がますます強くなってきている。正々堂々と意見を述べるときだ。(2)

China’s leader, Xi Jinping, ordered a crackdown after he took over in 2012, toughening up censorship of social media, arresting hundreds of dissidents and replacing liberal debate in universities with extra Marxism. In the Middle East the overthrow of despots during the Arab spring let people speak freely for the first time in generations. This has lasted in Tunisia, but Syria and Libya are more dangerous for journalists than they were before the uprisings; and Egypt is ruled by a man who says, with a straight face: “Don’t listen to anyone but me.” 

crackdown:弾圧
despot:独裁者
in generations:数世代で

Words, sticks and stones
Second, a worrying number of non-state actors are enforcing censorship by assassination. Reporters in Mexico who investigate crime or corruption are often murdered, and sometimes tortured first. Jihadists slaughter those they think have insulted their faith. When authors and artists say anything that might be deemed disrespectful of Islam, they take risks. Secular bloggers in Bangladesh are hacked to death in the street (see article); French cartoonists are gunned down in their offices. The jihadists hurt Muslims more than any others, not least by making it harder for them to have an honest discussion about how to organise their societies. 

non-state actor:非国家主体
hacked:ズタズタに切る

Third, the idea has spread that people and groups have a right not to be offended. This may sound innocuous. Politeness is a virtue, after all. But if I have a right not to be offended, that means someone must police what you say about me, or about the things I hold dear, such as my ethnic group, religion, or even political beliefs. Since offence is subjective, the power to police it is both vast and arbitrary. 

offended:気分を害す・傷つく
innocuous:差し障りのない
police:監視する
hold dear:大切にしまっておく
offence:感情を害すること
subjective:主観的な
arbitrary:任意の・独断的な

Nevertheless, many students in America and Europe believe that someone should exercise it. Some retreat into the absolutism of identity politics, arguing that men have no right to speak about feminism nor whites to speak about slavery. Others have blocked thoughtful, well-known speakers, such as Condoleezza Rice and Ayaan Hirsi Ali, from being heard on campus (see article). 

exercise:心配する
absolutism:絶対主義・独裁主義
Ayaan Hirsi Ali:アヤーン・ヒルシ・アリは、ソマリア・モガディシュ生まれのオランダの元下院議員。出生名はアヤーン・ヒルシ・マガン。 ケニアやサウジアラビア、エチオピアで生活した経験を持つ。 元イスラム教徒の無神論者。イスラム世界における女性の扱いの低さを訴え、抑圧からの解放を解く。
from being heard :聞いているところによると

Concern for the victims of discrimination is laudable. And student protest is often, in itself, an act of free speech. But university is a place where students are supposed to learn how to think. That mission is impossible if uncomfortable ideas are off-limits. And protest can easily stray into preciousness: the University of California, for example, suggests that it is a racist “micro-aggression” to say that “America is a land of opportunity”, because it could be taken to imply that those who do not succeed have only themselves to blame. 

laudable:賞賛に値する
off-limits:禁じられている
stray into:巻き込まれる
preciousness:尊さ
micro-aggression:小さな攻撃的行動 a subtle but offensive comment or action directed at a minority or other nondominant group that is often unintentional or unconsciously reinforces a stereotype: microaggressions such as "I don't see you as black.".

The inconvenient truth
Intolerance among Western liberals also has wholly unintended consequences. Even despots know that locking up mouthy but non-violent dissidents is disreputable. Nearly all countries have laws that protect freedom of speech. So authoritarians are always looking out for respectable-sounding excuses to trample on it. National security is one. Russia recently sentenced Vadim Tyumentsev, a blogger, to five years in prison for promoting “extremism”, after he criticised Russian policy in Ukraine. “Hate speech” is another. China locks up campaigners for Tibetan independence for “inciting ethnic hatred”; Saudi Arabia flogs blasphemers; Indians can be jailed for up to three years for promoting disharmony “on grounds of religion, race...caste...or any other ground whatsoever”. 

inconvenient:不都合な
disreputable:たちの悪い
trample :踏みにじる
inciting:扇動する
flog:笞打ちをする
blasphemer:冒涜者

水曜日。今日はこれまで。言論統制のいろいろな事例を述べている。こうしたことは昔から世の常だ。ただ体制とか治世者によってその程度の差は多いにある。中国はいい例だ。世の中は不思議なもので、言わなければ逮捕されないのだが、そういった人たちは言ってしまう。だから逮捕されたり、拷問されたりする。日本でも同じだ。逮捕されたり拷問されはしないが、番組から降ろされてしまう。

昨日は久しぶりの元の仲間の太田さんと会食した。相変わらず、頭のいい人だ。そのうちに成功するだろう。図書館に行って、荘子、老子の本を借りてきた。昼間はベトナムの資料を作成し、夕刻から本の資料を勉強した。荘子が面白い。今日はいちにちベトナムだが、3時間ぐらいは本の勉強をしたい。ではまた明日。

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海野 恵一
1948年1月14日生

学歴:東京大学経済学部卒業

スウィングバイ株式会社
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アクセンチュア株式会社代表取締役(2001-2002)
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