2016年08月04日

カトリックの教義と暴力 戦争と平和に関しての幾つかの新たな宗教について考えるとき

Catholicism and violence
Time for some new religious thinking about war and peace
Jul 28th 2016, 15:44 BY ERASMUS

カトリックの教義と暴力
戦争と平和に関しての幾つかの新たな宗教について考えるとき

POPE FRANCIS is getting an enthusiastic reception from Catholic youngsters from all over the world as he presides over World Youth Day, a Catholic festival that actually lasts a week, in Poland. But some people are not so pleased with him. Both secularists and Christians of a more militant cast of mind than his own feel that he struck the wrong note when responding to the murder of an elderly Catholic priest in France and to other recent atrocities claimed by Islamic State. What the pontiff said, in sum, was that these ghastly deeds are symptomatic of a wider global conflict, whose root causes are not religious. 

presides:議長を務める
secularists:世俗主義者
cast of mind:気風・気質
strike the right note: 適切なことを言う、聴衆受けする意見を述べる
the pontiff:教皇 
in sum:要するに
ghastly:酷く不快な 
deeds:行為
symptomatic:の兆候がある



We must not be afraid to say the truth, the world is at war because it has lost peace. When I speak of war, I speak of war over interests, money, resources, not religion. All religions want peace, it's the others who want war.

For some Christians, it was disappointing that the Pope missed an opportunity to defend the peacefulness of his own faith. In these critics' view he should have vowed to protect his flock from violence-ridden beliefs, like those which apparently motivated the assassins of the priest. Thus Rod Dreher, a conservative American blogger, responded to the pope's words by saying: 

violence-ridden:暴力事件多発の
beliefs:信仰

This is absurd. No, it's not absurd: this is a lie. It may not be a conscious lie...but it is a dangerous untruth. He is misleading the Chistian people. One shouldn't expect the Pope to speak like King Jan Sobieski, the "saviour" of Christendom [in 1683] from the Ottoman invaders at Vienna. But I hope that some of the fighting Polish monarch's descendants have a few words with Francis in Poland this week. Meanwhile Stephen Evans, campaign director of Britain's National Secular Society tweeted that it was "asinine papal nonsense" to assert that religions, in general, wanted peace. 

conscious:自覚している
untruth:虚偽
saviour:救済者・救世主
Christendom:キリスト教団・キリスト教徒
descendants:子孫
asinine:愚かな・頑固な・ロバのような
papal:ローマ教皇の 

Perhaps it's a mistake to focus too much energy on analysing one of the spontaneous, from-the-heart outbursts which have been a hallmark of the current papacy. And it's also worth recalling that not even a pope would claim to see all the way into the mind of a vicious IS killer and ascertain exactly what mixture of personal or political grievance, disordered psychology or twisted metaphysical belief is at work. If Francis's point is that even in conflicts which are notionally raged in the name of sectarian difference (like the ghastly one in Yemen, for example), economic and geopolitical ambitions are often lurking in the background, then that is certainly worth saying. 

spontaneous :無意識的な・自発的な
hallmark:特質
papacy:ローマ教皇の職
ascertain:確かめる
grievance:不平・不満
metaphysical:現世から離れた・形而上学の
notionally:観念的な
raged:激怒する
lurking:潜在する

But more worthy of careful watching (because they filter down to millions of people through lectures, lessons and sermons) are the Vatican's formal pronouncements on the subject of peace and war. The still-current Catechism of the Catholic Church, published in 1993, draws on church fathers like Augustine and Aquinas to formulate conditions for the legitimate use of force: the aggressor must be inflicting lasting and grave damage; other remedies must have been exhausted; there must be "serious prospects for success"; and the use of weapons must not produce evils and disorders greater than those which are targeted. 

filter down:徐々に知れ渡る
sermon:説教
pronouncement:声明
Catechism:教理問答集
aggressor:侵略者
inflicting:もたらす
grave damage:重大な損害
remedies:対策
exhausted:使い尽くす

Since then, the Vatican has moved closer to a position of almost unconditional pacifism; it opposed the bombing of Serbia in 1999 and the American-led assault on Iraq in 2003. On the other hand, Pope Francis has not been shy of using the word "genocide" and his representatives have acknowledged the unavoidable moral dilemmas that arise when genocide is looming or in progress already. Last year, the Holy See's ambassador to the UN in Geneva said it was necessary to use force to protect the religious minorities of Iraq from IS. 

representatives:代表者・代理人

木曜日。今日はこれまで。ローマ法王が武力に訴えるのは間違いで、いろいろな紛争に宗教は関与するべきでないといったことが波紋を投げている。多くの人たちは暴力に対して武力で対応するべきだという意見を持っている。そうした記事だ。

昨日も超多忙で、熱射病で倒れそうだった。午後は法務局、弁護士の訪問。夜は海野塾と懇親会。家にたどり着いたのは十一時四十五分。今日の昼は元昭和電工の齋藤さんとの会食。今日は1日、本を書ける。ただ、契約書の整理とかの事務所の引っ越しのための雑務とかはあるがそれは仕方がない。それでもありがたいことだ。ではまた明日。

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海野 恵一
1948年1月14日生

学歴:東京大学経済学部卒業

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