2016年09月25日

真実を失った政治 嘘をつく術 政治家はいつも嘘をついて来た。彼らが完全に真実を置き去りにしてしまうと何か問題があるのか?(2)

Lord of the lies
That politicians sometimes peddle lies is not news: think of Ronald Reagan’s fib that his administration had not traded weapons with Iran in order to secure the release of hostages and to fund the efforts of rebels in Nicaragua. Dictators and democrats seeking to deflect blame for their own incompetence have always manipulated the truth; sore losers have always accused the other lot of lying. 

Lord of:を領有する・嘘をつく大物たち
peddle:言いふらす
fib:ちょっとしたうそ
efforts:活動
deflect:そらす・かわす
incompetence:無能
sore:不愉快な

But post-truth politics is more than just an invention of whingeing elites who have been outflanked. The term picks out the heart of what is new: that truth is not falsified, or contested, but of secondary importance. Once, the purpose of political lying was to create a false view of the world. The lies of men like Mr Trump do not work like that. They are not intended to convince the elites, whom their target voters neither trust nor like, but to reinforce prejudices. 

invention:創り出す
whingeing:泣き言を言う・ぼやく
outflanked:だしぬく
term:言い方
pick out:見つけ出す
falsified:偽造する・歪める
contested:反論する
secondary :あまり重要でない・二次的な
reinforce:強固にする
prejudices:偏見

Feelings, not facts, are what matter in this sort of campaigning. Their opponents’ disbelief validates the us-versus-them mindset that outsider candidates thrive on. And if your opponents focus on trying to show your facts are wrong, they have to fight on the ground you have chosen. The more Remain campaigners attacked the Leave campaign’s exaggerated claim that EU membership cost Britain £350m ($468m) a week, the longer they kept the magnitude of those costs in the spotlight. 

disbelief:疑念
thrive:うまくやる
magnitude:重大性

Post-truth politics has many parents. Some are noble. The questioning of institutions and received wisdom is a democratic virtue. A sceptical lack of deference towards leaders is the first step to reform. The collapse of communism was hastened because brave people were prepared to challenge the official propaganda. 

parents:根源
deference:服従・敬意

But corrosive forces are also at play. One is anger. Many voters feel let down and left behind, while the elites who are in charge have thrived. They are scornful of the self-serving technocrats who said that the euro would improve their lives and that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction. Popular trust in expert opinion and established institutions has tumbled across Western democracies. 

corrosive:腐食性の
let down:がっかりさせる
thrived:成功する
scornful:蔑む
self-serving:私欲に走る
tumbled:破壊する

Post-truth has also been abetted by the evolution of the media (see Briefing). The fragmentation of news sources has created an atomised world in which lies, rumour and gossip spread with alarming speed. Lies that are widely shared online within a network, whose members trust each other more than they trust any mainstream-media source, can quickly take on the appearance of truth. Presented with evidence that contradicts a belief that is dearly held, people have a tendency to ditch the facts first. Well-intentioned journalistic practices bear blame too. The pursuit of “fairness” in reporting often creates phoney balance at the expense of truth. NASA scientist says Mars is probably uninhabited; Professor Snooks says it is teeming with aliens. It’s really a matter of opinion. 

abetted:そそのかす
evolution:進化・発達
atomised:分離する
take on:騒ぎ立てる
contradicts:否定する
belief:確信・信頼
dearly:心から
Well-intentioned :悪気のない
bear blame:非難に耐える
teeming:いっぱいである
aliens:宇宙人
matter of opinion: 《a 〜》いろいろな意見が起こり得る問題、意見の分かれる問題、見解上の問題、真実がどうか分からないもの

When politics is like pro-wrestling, society pays the cost. Mr Trump’s insistence that Mr Obama founded IS precludes a serious debate over how to deal with violent extremists. Policy is complicated, yet post-truth politics damns complexity as the sleight of hand experts use to bamboozle everyone else. Hence Hillary Clinton’s proposals on paid parental leave go unexamined (see article) and the case for trade liberalisation is drowned out by “common sense” demands for protection. 

insistence:主張
precludes:邪魔をする
sleight:ペテン
bamboozle:騙す
paid parental leave:有給育児休暇
drowned:かき消す

It is tempting to think that, when policies sold on dodgy prospectuses start to fail, lied-to supporters might see the error of their ways. The worst part of post-truth politics, though, is that this self-correction cannot be relied on. When lies make the political system dysfunctional, its poor results can feed the alienation and lack of trust in institutions that make the post-truth play possible in the first place. 

dodgy:インチキな
prospectuses:もくろみ書
sell on:と使って売り込む
self-correction:自動制御
alienation:疎外

日曜日。今日はこれまで。政治家の嘘が様々な形で行われて来たが、果たしてこれからもそうしたインチキが通用するのだろうかと言う話だ。国民はそうした政治家の嘘に振り回されて来たが、そうしたことがまかり通るのかと言う意見だ。日本はそもそも報道も含めて、大本営発表みたいな傾向がある。真面目で正直な国民だから一番騙されやすいように思う。

昨日は海野塾があって、午前はEdのGlobalization、午後は園田の日本の精神。双方とも英語で行った。最近過労なので、昨日は疲れた。懇親会は早めに終わった。今日は朝から英語の資料レビューがある。ではまた明日。

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海野 恵一
1948年1月14日生

学歴:東京大学経済学部卒業

スウィングバイ株式会社
代表取締役社長

アクセンチュア株式会社代表取締役(2001-2002)
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