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グローバル人材育成の道｜海野惠一（元アクセンチュア代表）2016年10月17日
Barack Obama 前途 アメリカの大統領が後継者が取り組むべきまだ終わっていない経済政策の４つの重要な領域について我々に書いている。(2)
But some of the discontent is rooted in legitimate concerns about long-term economic forces. Decades of declining productivity growth and rising inequality have resulted in slower income growth for low- and middle-income families. Globalisation and automation have weakened the position of workers and their ability to secure a decent wage. Too many potential physicists and engineers spend their careers shifting money around in the financial sector, instead of applying their talents to innovating in the real economy. And the financial crisis of 2008 only seemed to increase the isolation of corporations and elites, who often seem to live by a different set of rules to ordinary citizens.
discontent：不満
rooted：根付いている
decent：満足できる
physicists：物理学者
So it’s no wonder that so many are receptive to the argument that the game is rigged. But amid this understandable frustration, much of it fanned by politicians who would actually make the problem worse rather than better, it is important to remember that capitalism has been the greatest driver of prosperity and opportunity the world has ever known.
receptive：物分かりの良い
rigged：不正に操作する
Over the past 25 years, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty has fallen from nearly 40% to under 10%. Last year, American households enjoyed the largest income gains on record and the poverty rate fell faster than at any point since the 1960s. Wages have risen faster in real terms during this business cycle than in any since the 1970s. These gains would have been impossible without the globalisation and technological transformation that drives some of the anxiety behind our current political debate.
This is the paradox that defines our world today. The world is more prosperous than ever before and yet our societies are marked by uncertainty and unease. So we have a choice—retreat into old, closed-off economies or press forward, acknowledging the inequality that can come with globalisation while committing ourselves to making the global economy work better for all people, not just those at the top.
paradox：矛盾した状態
unease：不安
A force for good
The profit motive can be a powerful force for the common good, driving businesses to create products that consumers rave about or motivating banks to lend to growing businesses. But, by itself, this will not lead to broadly shared prosperity and growth. Economists have long recognised that markets, left to their own devices, can fail. This can happen through the tendency towards monopoly and rent-seeking that this newspaper has documented, the failure of businesses to take into account the impact of their decisions on others through pollution, the ways in which disparities of information can leave consumers vulnerable to dangerous products or overly expensive health insurance.
motive：目的・動機
common good：公共の利益
rave：熱心に話す
rent-seeking：レントシーキング 民間企業などが政府や官僚組織へ働きかけを行い、法制度や政治政策の変更を行なうことで、自らに都合よく規制を設定したり、または都合よく規制の緩和をさせるなどして、超過利潤（レント）を得るための活動を指す。
disparities：不均衡
More fundamentally, a capitalism shaped by the few and unaccountable to the many is a threat to all. Economies are more successful when we close the gap between rich and poor and growth is broadly based. A world in which 1% of humanity controls as much wealth as the other 99% will never be stable. Gaps between rich and poor are not new but just as the child in a slum can see the skyscraper nearby, technology allows anyone with a smartphone to see how the most privileged live. Expectations rise faster than governments can deliver and a pervasive sense of injustice undermines peoples’ faith in the system. Without trust, capitalism and markets cannot continue to deliver the gains they have delivered in the past centuries.
unaccountable：無責任な
humanity：慈善行為
privileged live：恵まれた生活
This paradox of progress and peril has been decades in the making. While I am proud of what my administration has accomplished these past eight years, I have always acknowledged that the work of perfecting our union would take far longer. The presidency is a relay race, requiring each of us to do our part to bring the country closer to its highest aspirations. So where does my successor go from here?
peril：危機
in the making：待ち受けている
union：団結
aspirations：熱望
Further progress requires recognising that America’s economy is an enormously complicated mechanism. As appealing as some more radical reforms can sound in the abstract—breaking up all the biggest banks or erecting prohibitively steep tariffs on imports—the economy is not an abstraction. It cannot simply be redesigned wholesale and put back together again without real consequences for real people.
abstract：理論上は
erecting：を設ける
abstraction：抽象概念
wholesale：大規模に
Instead, fully restoring faith in an economy where hardworking Americans can get ahead requires addressing four major structural challenges: boosting productivity growth, combating rising inequality, ensuring that everyone who wants a job can get one and building a resilient economy that’s primed for future growth.
primed：に前以て用意させる
Restoring economic dynamism
First, in recent years, we have seen incredible technological advances through the internet, mobile broadband and devices, artificial intelligence, robotics, advanced materials, improvements in energy efficiency and personalised medicine. But while these innovations have changed lives, they have not yet substantially boosted measured productivity growth. Over the past decade, America has enjoyed the fastest productivity growth in the G7, but it has slowed across nearly all advanced economies (see chart 1). Without a faster-growing economy, we will not be able to generate the wage gains people want, regardless of how we divide up the pie.
substantially：実質的に
measured：測定された
divide up：分配する
月曜日。今日かこれまで。オバマは資本主義は我々が繁栄するためには必要だが、それだけではダメだと言っている。今までは政治家とかレントシーキングによって、豊が公平に分配されてこなかったと言っている。人々からの信頼を得るためにはこうした今までのやり方ではうまくいかない。オバマは続けて、アメリカが経済において信頼を取り戻すには４つの構造的な課題があると言っている。生産性を上げること、増大する不平等と戦うこと、誰もが仕事に就けるようにすること、将来の成長を保証する弾力性のある経済を築くことだと言っている。過去１０年でアメリカはこの図の通り最も生産性を伸ばしてきた。
昨日は朝から研修資料の作成をした。今週の課題はRMB Globalizaitonだ。なかなかこれも面白いテーマだ。雑用もいろいろあって、忙しかった。今日は７時半から国際の情勢を英語で勉強する会がある。テーマはPovertyだ。何が貧困なのか。Hapinessとの関係はどうなるのか？そうした議論だ。今日の昼は大手化学企業の友人と久しぶりに会う。一日、研修資料の作成だ。ではまた明日。
discontent：不満
rooted：根付いている
decent：満足できる
physicists：物理学者
So it’s no wonder that so many are receptive to the argument that the game is rigged. But amid this understandable frustration, much of it fanned by politicians who would actually make the problem worse rather than better, it is important to remember that capitalism has been the greatest driver of prosperity and opportunity the world has ever known.
receptive：物分かりの良い
rigged：不正に操作する
Over the past 25 years, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty has fallen from nearly 40% to under 10%. Last year, American households enjoyed the largest income gains on record and the poverty rate fell faster than at any point since the 1960s. Wages have risen faster in real terms during this business cycle than in any since the 1970s. These gains would have been impossible without the globalisation and technological transformation that drives some of the anxiety behind our current political debate.
This is the paradox that defines our world today. The world is more prosperous than ever before and yet our societies are marked by uncertainty and unease. So we have a choice—retreat into old, closed-off economies or press forward, acknowledging the inequality that can come with globalisation while committing ourselves to making the global economy work better for all people, not just those at the top.
paradox：矛盾した状態
unease：不安
A force for good
The profit motive can be a powerful force for the common good, driving businesses to create products that consumers rave about or motivating banks to lend to growing businesses. But, by itself, this will not lead to broadly shared prosperity and growth. Economists have long recognised that markets, left to their own devices, can fail. This can happen through the tendency towards monopoly and rent-seeking that this newspaper has documented, the failure of businesses to take into account the impact of their decisions on others through pollution, the ways in which disparities of information can leave consumers vulnerable to dangerous products or overly expensive health insurance.
motive：目的・動機
common good：公共の利益
rave：熱心に話す
rent-seeking：レントシーキング 民間企業などが政府や官僚組織へ働きかけを行い、法制度や政治政策の変更を行なうことで、自らに都合よく規制を設定したり、または都合よく規制の緩和をさせるなどして、超過利潤（レント）を得るための活動を指す。
disparities：不均衡
More fundamentally, a capitalism shaped by the few and unaccountable to the many is a threat to all. Economies are more successful when we close the gap between rich and poor and growth is broadly based. A world in which 1% of humanity controls as much wealth as the other 99% will never be stable. Gaps between rich and poor are not new but just as the child in a slum can see the skyscraper nearby, technology allows anyone with a smartphone to see how the most privileged live. Expectations rise faster than governments can deliver and a pervasive sense of injustice undermines peoples’ faith in the system. Without trust, capitalism and markets cannot continue to deliver the gains they have delivered in the past centuries.
unaccountable：無責任な
humanity：慈善行為
privileged live：恵まれた生活
This paradox of progress and peril has been decades in the making. While I am proud of what my administration has accomplished these past eight years, I have always acknowledged that the work of perfecting our union would take far longer. The presidency is a relay race, requiring each of us to do our part to bring the country closer to its highest aspirations. So where does my successor go from here?
peril：危機
in the making：待ち受けている
union：団結
aspirations：熱望
Further progress requires recognising that America’s economy is an enormously complicated mechanism. As appealing as some more radical reforms can sound in the abstract—breaking up all the biggest banks or erecting prohibitively steep tariffs on imports—the economy is not an abstraction. It cannot simply be redesigned wholesale and put back together again without real consequences for real people.
abstract：理論上は
erecting：を設ける
abstraction：抽象概念
wholesale：大規模に
Instead, fully restoring faith in an economy where hardworking Americans can get ahead requires addressing four major structural challenges: boosting productivity growth, combating rising inequality, ensuring that everyone who wants a job can get one and building a resilient economy that’s primed for future growth.
primed：に前以て用意させる
Restoring economic dynamism
First, in recent years, we have seen incredible technological advances through the internet, mobile broadband and devices, artificial intelligence, robotics, advanced materials, improvements in energy efficiency and personalised medicine. But while these innovations have changed lives, they have not yet substantially boosted measured productivity growth. Over the past decade, America has enjoyed the fastest productivity growth in the G7, but it has slowed across nearly all advanced economies (see chart 1). Without a faster-growing economy, we will not be able to generate the wage gains people want, regardless of how we divide up the pie.
substantially：実質的に
measured：測定された
divide up：分配する
月曜日。今日かこれまで。オバマは資本主義は我々が繁栄するためには必要だが、それだけではダメだと言っている。今までは政治家とかレントシーキングによって、豊が公平に分配されてこなかったと言っている。人々からの信頼を得るためにはこうした今までのやり方ではうまくいかない。オバマは続けて、アメリカが経済において信頼を取り戻すには４つの構造的な課題があると言っている。生産性を上げること、増大する不平等と戦うこと、誰もが仕事に就けるようにすること、将来の成長を保証する弾力性のある経済を築くことだと言っている。過去１０年でアメリカはこの図の通り最も生産性を伸ばしてきた。
昨日は朝から研修資料の作成をした。今週の課題はRMB Globalizaitonだ。なかなかこれも面白いテーマだ。雑用もいろいろあって、忙しかった。今日は７時半から国際の情勢を英語で勉強する会がある。テーマはPovertyだ。何が貧困なのか。Hapinessとの関係はどうなるのか？そうした議論だ。今日の昼は大手化学企業の友人と久しぶりに会う。一日、研修資料の作成だ。ではまた明日。
