2017年12月20日

南アフリカを救う選択か、それともだめにするのか。 ひどい20年に渡る機能不全の権力者の継承を避けるために、南アフリカの与党ANCはズマをやめさせなければならない。

The choice that could save South Africa, or wreck it
To avoid a dire, two-decade dynasty of dysfunction, South Africa’s ruling ANC should ditch the Zumas
Dec 9th 2017

南アフリカを救う選択か、それともだめにするのか。
ひどい20年に渡る機能不全の権力者の継承を避けるために、南アフリカの与党ANCはズマをやめさせなければならない。

John's heavy drinking wrecked his marriage .:ジョンは酒の飲みすぎで結婚生活をめちゃくちゃにした.
dynasty:(ある分野の)支配的グループ[一族]; 権力者[指導者]の継承.



SOUTH AFRICA’S Constitutional Court may be the world’s most emotionally powerful building. The courtroom is built with the bricks of the Old Fort prison, where both Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi were held. A glass strip around the courtroom, allowing passers-by to see in, represents transparency. Above the entrance, the values of the constitution are set in concrete in the handwriting of the first constitutional judges after apartheid—including the childlike script of Albie Sachs, who had to learn to write with his left hand after the white regime’s security services blew off his right arm. 

blew off:〈爆弾・銃などが〉A〈体の一部など〉を吹っ飛ばす 

In painful contrast with its uplifting setting, a recent conversation between an Economist journalist and an official working in the building was, at the official’s request, conducted outside and, as a further precaution against surveillance by today’s security services, the journalist was asked to leave her phone inside. It is a measure of how far South Africa has fallen from the ideals it embraced when it was reborn after apartheid.

uplifting setting:励みになる背景
precaution :用心

Under President Jacob Zuma, the state is failing. Contracts are awarded through bribes and connections; ruling-party members murder each other over lucrative government jobs; crooks operate with impunity. 

crooks:いかさま師, 泥棒, 犯罪者.
with impunity:何のとがめもなく.

Next week comes a moment that may determine whether South Africa slides further into this mire or starts to recover. At a conference that starts on December 16th the ruling African National Congress (ANC) is due to choose the successor to Mr Zuma as its leader, and thus its candidate for presidency of the country. The front-runners are Mr Zuma’s ex-wife and preferred candidate, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, and the deputy president, Cyril Ramaphosa. For South Africa and for the whole African continent, Mr Ramaphosa needs to win. 

mire:窮地, 苦境.

Mandela weeps 
South Africa is no longer in the forefront of the world’s consciousness, as it was in the 1990s when it made its miraculously peaceful transition from a racist regime to a modern democracy. But it still matters, and not just to its 57m people. With its superior financial and physical infrastructure, it is Africa’s economic hub. Its diplomatic and moral authority shapes southern Africa, for worse as well as better: without its support, Robert Mugabe would have lost power in Zimbabwe long ago. And, at the moment, it is the site of the most visible battle in the world between good and bad government. 

weeps:weep over [at the news of] his death 彼の死を[の知らせに接して]泣き悲しむ
come [return] to consciousness:正気になる[戻る].
it doesn't matter :大したことではありません,

Alarmed South Africans have watched the progress of “state capture”, whereby private actors subvert the state to steal public money (see article). In a report in 2016 the former public protector detailed allegations that the Guptas, business associates of Mr Zuma’s family, offered the finance ministry to a politician they hoped would be pliable and used political influence to loot state-owned enterprises. She called for a judicial inquiry. Mr Zuma says he has no knowledge of the job offer, and will establish an inquiry, but he claims that the public protector’s demand that the judge in charge must be appointed by the chief justice is unconstitutional. He did not comment on the matter of looting from state-owned enterprises.

I was greatly alarmed by [to hear] the rumor.:私はそのうわさ話に[を聞いて]非常に動揺した.
subvert:を堕落させる, …の道を誤らせる; 〈物〉を悪くする, 損なう.
pliable:言いなりになる
loot:〈金・物など〉を略奪する
call for reform:改革を要求する.

What is unusual about South Africa is not that corruption thrives, but that it does so in plain sight. Thanks to a history of civic activism, a free press and a robust judiciary, South Africans are aware of the wholesale theft. Investigative journalists have catalogued corruption at all levels of government. Week after week, activists and opposition parties challenge the government in court. A former finance minister estimates that 150bn-200bn ($11bn-15bn) rand, 5% of GDP, has been filched. 

His business began to thrive.:彼の仕事は軌道に乗り出した.
in plain sight:丸見えで、よく見える状態で
wholesale:wholesale destruction of forests 森林の大規模な破壊.
filched:〈ちょっとした物〉をくすねる, 盗む; 勝手に取る.

The ANC leadership election offers what ought to be an easy choice. Ms Dlamini-Zuma is expected to protect her ex-husband, who faces 783 counts of corruption. She, like him, espouses “radical economic transformation”, which involves fiscal indiscipline and expropriation. She, like him, employs racially charged rhetoric to deflect criticism. A victory for her would undermine the economy, jeopardise social harmony—fragile, in a country with the fifth highest murder rate in the world—and entrench state capture. 

espouses:支持する
indiscipline:不規律, 無秩序, 乱脈.
expropriation:(私有財産の)収用, 公用徴収, 没収.
deflect:そらす かわす
entrench:The custom is firmly [deeply] entrenched in the local community. その習慣は地域でしっかりと[よく]守られている.

Cyril v cynicism
Mr Ramaphosa’s election would not on its own ensure a swift return to clean government. Corruption runs deep, at all levels of the party. It did not help that a pre-Zuma ANC policy of “empowering ” black tycoons by encouraging the transfer of large stakes in white-owned firms to them made a handful of ANC bigwigs effortlessly rich. This set a precedent that politics in the new South Africa can be a shortcut to vast wealth.

on its own:ひとりでに、勝手に、自然に、そのままで
set [create] a precedent:先例を作る
vast :a vast improvement 大変な進歩.

One of the biggest beneficiaries was Mr Ramaphosa himself, which complicates his campaign to purge the party of rent-seeking. Nonetheless, there is no suggestion that he broke the law, and he is outspoken in his condemnation of those who now brazenly do so. He is also pragmatic in his plans to boost economic growth and provide South Africans with jobs and education. 

complicates:〈状況・問題など〉を複雑にする, 難しくする
rent-seeking:公的制度を誘導・利用して,自由競争とは異なる方法で自らの利益を得ようとする行為。参入規制を維持するためのロビー活動など。
condemnation:非難
brazenly:恥ずかしげもなく, しゃあしゃあと.

The numbers suggest Mr Ramaphosa is in the lead, yet he is not a shoo-in. The stakes are high for Mr Zuma and his political skills are consummate. Those who bet against him tend to lose. His compatriots await the result nervously. 

shoo-in:楽勝が確実な候補[馬, 競争者]
consummate:熟練[熟達]した; 完全な, 無類の, 申し分ない〈言行・能力・人など〉.
compatriots:同僚

Some well-intentioned South Africans think it would be better if Ms Dlamini-Zuma won, because the country has become too much like a one-party state, and an ANC run by her would be more likely to lose the election in 2019. That is a dangerous argument. The multiracial, centrist Democratic Alliance would indeed be better than the ANC, and is gaining in popularity: it now governs the country’s three most important cities. 

But the hard-left Economic Freedom Fighters, who might be worse than the ANC, are gaining ground, too. And the ANC, with its liberationist credentials, might win in 2019 even under Ms Dlamini-Zuma, who as president would cement the Zuma clan’s grip on the levers of power. South Africa would start to look uncomfortably like a hereditary kleptocracy. 

kleptocracy:泥棒[収奪]政治[国家]〘権力者が国の富を奪う〙.

Its people deserve better. The rainbow nation still has the potential to be a beacon of prosperity and good governance in Africa, but memories of its hopeful birth are a melancholy counterpoint to its dark present. The best chance for recovering that optimism is a victory for Mr Ramaphosa. 

deserve better [more]:もっと報いられるべきである.
melancholy:憂鬱な, もの悲しい, 悲しくさせる.
counterpoint:に対する≫ 対比的[対照的]な要素

ズマ大統領は汚職の固まりで、国の恥だ。今回の選挙で、彼の元妻を大統領にしようとしているが、その勝算は高いが、今の大勢のままで、国は良くならない。対抗馬のRamaphosaによって良くなるかどうかはわからないが、ズマよりましだ。かっての栄光が今のままでは泥棒国家のままだ。

水曜日。今日は朝から岡山に行って、元青年会議所の野津さんのお別れの会に参加する。その為、朝3時半に起きて、朝の仕事の準備をしている。夜は海野塾がある。ではまた明日。

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海野 恵一
1948年1月14日生

学歴:東京大学経済学部卒業

スウィングバイ株式会社
代表取締役社長

アクセンチュア株式会社代表取締役(2001-2002)
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